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Debt consolidation rolls multiple debts, typically high-interest debt such as credit card bills, into a single payment. Debt consolidation might be a good idea for you if you can get a lower interest rate than you're currently paying. That will help you reduce your total debt and reorganize it so you can pay it off faster.
If you’re dealing with a manageable amount of debt and just want to reorganize multiple bills with different interest rates, payments and due dates, debt consolidation is a sound approach you can tackle on your own.
How to consolidate your debt
There are two primary ways to consolidate debt, both of which concentrate your debt payments into one monthly bill. The best option for you will depend on your credit score and profile, as well as your debt-to-income ratio.
Get a 0% interest, balance-transfer credit card: Transfer debt onto this card and then be sure to pay it off during the promotional period to get the interest-rate break. You will likely need good or excellent credit (690 or higher) to qualify.
Get a fixed-rate debt consolidation loan: Use the money from the loan to pay off your debt, then pay back the loan in installments over a set term. You can qualify for a loan if you have bad or fair credit (689 or below), but borrowers with higher scores will likely qualify for the lowest interest rates.
Two additional ways to consolidate debt are taking out a home equity loan or borrowing from your retirement savings with a 401(k) loan. However, these two options involve risk — to your home or your retirement.
» MORE: 5 ways to consolidate debt
Debt consolidation calculator
Use the calculator below to see whether or not it makes sense for you to consolidate.
When debt consolidation is a smart move
Success with a consolidation strategy requires the following:
Your monthly debt payments (including your rent or mortgage) don’t exceed 50% of your monthly gross income.
Your credit is good enough to qualify for a credit card with a 0% interest period or low-interest debt consolidation loan.
Your cash flow consistently covers payments toward your debt.
If you choose a consolidation loan, you can pay it off within five years.
Here’s an example when consolidation makes sense: Say you have two or three credit cards with interest rates ranging from 11.21% to 25.7%, and your credit is good. You might qualify for an unsecured debt consolidation loan at 7.99% — a significantly lower interest rate. With less interest accruing each month, you'll make quicker progress toward being debt-free.
For many people, consolidation reveals a light at the end of the tunnel. If you take a loan with a three-year term, you know it will be paid off in three years — assuming you make your payments on time and manage your spending. Conversely, making minimum payments on credit cards could mean months or years before they’re paid off, all while accruing more interest than the initial principal.
Is it a good idea to consolidate credit cards?
Consolidate your debt if you can get a better interest rate and/or it will help you make payments on time. Just make sure this consolidation is part of a larger plan to get out of debt and you don’t run up new balances on the cards you’ve consolidated. Read about how to tackle credit card debt.
How does a debt consolidation loan work?
A personal loan allows you to pay off your creditors yourself, or you can use a lender that sends money straight to your creditors. Read about the steps required to get a personal loan.
Do debt consolidation loans hurt your credit?
Debt consolidation can help your credit if you make on-time payments or if consolidating shrinks your credit card balances. Your credit may be hurt if you run up credit card balances again, close most or all of your remaining cards, or miss a payment on your debt consolidation loan. Learn more about how debt consolidation affects your credit score.
When debt consolidation isn't worth it
Consolidation isn’t a cure-all for all of your debt problems. You will still need to take steps such as seeking low-cost financial advice or lowering your living expenses. It’s also not the solution if you’re overwhelmed by debt and have no hope of paying it off even with reduced payments.
If your debt load is small — you can pay it off within six months to a year at your current pace — and you’d save only a negligible amount by consolidating, don’t bother. Instead, try a do-it-yourself debt payoff method instead, such as the debt snowball or debt avalanche. You can use a credit card payoff calculator to test out the different strategies.
» LEARN: What Canadians should consider about debt consolidation
FAQs
Debt consolidation rolls multiple debts, typically high-interest debt such as credit card bills, into a single payment. Debt consolidation might be a good idea for you if you can get a lower interest rate than you're currently paying.
Is debt consolidation a good thing or a bad thing? ›
Taking out a debt consolidation loan can help put you on a faster track to total payoff and may help you save money in interest by paying down the balance faster. This is especially true if you have significant credit card debt you carry from month to month.
What is the meaning of debt consolidation? ›
Consolidating debt is when you take out a single, new loan to pay off several existing debts. This can be a good way of taking control of your finances but you need to be careful. A consolidation loan may not always be your best option.
What does my credit score need to be to get a debt consolidation loan? ›
Every lender sets its own guidelines when it comes to minimum credit score requirements for debt consolidation loans. However, it's likely lenders will require a minimum score between 580 and 680.
Is debt consolidation a good way to get out of debt? ›
If you're overwhelmed by multiple debts, debt consolidation might be a good option. This is particularly true if you can land a lower interest rate than the average rate you pay on your current debts.
What is a disadvantage of debt consolidation? ›
Debt consolidation might lower your monthly payments, make managing your monthly payments easier, decrease your interest rates and save you money overall. But there are also potential drawbacks, such as upfront fees and the risk of winding up deeper in debt.
Does consolidation ruin your credit score? ›
Ways debt consolidation can hurt your credit score
For example, if you move your existing credit card balances to a balance transfer card, then end up using your old cards again, you may have more debt than when you started, which will likely hurt your credit score.
Is it smart to consolidate credit card debt? ›
Is it a good idea to consolidate credit cards? Consolidate your debt if you can get a better interest rate and/or it will help you make payments on time. Just make sure this consolidation is part of a larger plan to get out of debt and you don't run up new balances on the cards you've consolidated.
What are 4 things debt consolidation can do? ›
Loan debt consolidation is when you take out a new loan to pay off multiple debts. Four types of debt are commonly consolidated: credit card debt, student loan debt, medical debt and high-interest personal loan debt. You may reduce the overall cost of repayment by securing better terms and interest.
What is the best debt consolidation company? ›
Best debt consolidation loans
- SoFi: Best for fast funding.
- Upgrade: Best for poor or thin credit.
- Achieve: Best for quick approval decisions.
- LendingClub: Best for co-borrowers.
- Discover: Best for excellent credit.
- Happy Money: Best for credit card consolidation.
- LightStream: Best for large loans.
Insufficient credit history or poor payment history can also lead to a denial of a debt consolidation loan. Remember, your payment history is the most important factor in your credit score, comprising 35% of your FICO® Score. Even one missed payment can damage your score.
Is the National Debt Relief Program legit? ›
National Debt Relief is a legitimate company providing debt relief services. The company was founded in 2009 and is a member of the American Association for Debt Resolution (AADR). It's certified by the International Association of Professional Debt Arbitrators (IAPDA), and is accredited by the BBB.
Do banks offer debt consolidation loans? ›
Banks, credit unions, and installment loan lenders may offer debt consolidation loans. These loans convert many of your debts into one loan payment, simplifying how many payments you have to make. These offers also might be for lower interest rates than what you're currently paying.
How long is your credit bad after debt consolidation? ›
Debt consolidation itself doesn't show up on your credit reports, but any new loans or credit card accounts you open to consolidate your debt will. Most accounts will show up for 10 years after you close them, and any missed payments will show up for seven years from the date you missed the payment.
How do I know if debt consolidation is right for me? ›
Only consolidate your debt if you have enough income to cover the new monthly payment. While your overall monthly payment may go down, consolidation is not a good option if you're currently unable to cover your monthly debt service.
How long does it take for debt consolidation to pay off debt? ›
Most lenders give you 12 to 60 months to may off your loan, with some terms extending to 84 or even 144 months. A shorter term means you'll pay less interest over the life of your loan, but have a higher monthly payment.
Are debt consolidation programs worth it? ›
The debt consolidation loan will typically have a lower interest rate than your current debts." These loans don't just save you money, they can make your debts easier to manage. After all, you'll use them to consolidate multiple credit cards and personal loans into one, easy-to-manage account.
How long does a debt consolidation stay on your credit? ›
Debt consolidation itself doesn't show up on your credit reports, but any new loans or credit card accounts you open to consolidate your debt will. Most accounts will show up for 10 years after you close them, and any missed payments will show up for seven years from the date you missed the payment.
